Bangladesh Garment Factories Reopen After Wage Protests Disrupt 529 Plants

Bangladesh’s garment factories reopened on 2 November after a day of widespread closures caused by worker protests over wages. The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association reported that unrest had disrupted operations at 529 factories and affected nearly 987,000 workers.

Workers are demanding a minimum monthly wage of 30,000 taka, more than double the current 12,500 taka. They cite rising costs of food, housing, transport, and healthcare amid persistent inflation. The ready-made garment sector accounts for more than 80 percent of Bangladesh’s export earnings, employs about four million people, and contributes roughly 10 percent to gross domestic product.

The government formed a six-member minimum wage board on 1 November that includes representatives of the government, workers, and factory owners. The board is tasked with reviewing the wage demand. Labour Minister Ariful Haque Choudhury and other officials urged workers to return to their jobs while the review proceeds.

Despite the announcement, thousands of workers continued demonstrations on 1 November, blocking roads in Dhaka and Gazipur. Police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse crowds after some protesters threw bricks. A police vehicle and a police box were set on fire in separate incidents. Border Guard Bangladesh personnel were deployed in industrial areas.

BGMEA President Mahmud Hasan Khan said the industry expects workers to allow the wage board process to continue. He warned that if further protests force factory closures, owners may invoke the no work, no pay provision. Industry representatives were scheduled to meet the home minister to discuss the situation.

Factory owners noted higher energy costs and uncertainty linked to Middle East conflicts, along with slower demand in key export markets. Prolonged disruption risks delaying shipments and prompting buyers to shift orders elsewhere. The sector is the world’s second-largest apparel exporter after China.

Protests began on 31 October in industrial hubs including Ashulia, Savar, and Gazipur. Local police reported that dozens of factories declared holidays on the first day of unrest. As of 2 November most plants had resumed operations, though manufacturers remain concerned about further stoppages.

The wage board is expected to complete its review in the coming weeks. Until a new rate is set, the current minimum of 12,500 taka remains in force. The outcome will affect the competitiveness of Bangladesh’s garment exports and the living standards of millions of workers.